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With the advent of new, faster, more precise DNA testing, collecting evidence such as blood and body fluids from crime scenes has become even more important than before. This evidence must be collected properly for accurate test results.
If the blood stain is damp, dab one sterile cotton swabs on the stain. If the stain is dry, wet the swab with distilled water and dab on the stain. Wet a second swab with distilled water and swab the background surface near the stain without touching the stain. The second swab is used to determine if any contaminants may be on the background. At the end of the collection process, also wet two swabs with distilled water only. This is a control sample to show that your distilled water did not contain any contaminants.
Once you get them back to your office, you must dry the swabs before packaging. Here is a swab dryer, a case for carrying the swabs from the crime scene and packages of sterile cotton swabs. The Swab Dryer is 8" W x 13.5" L x 8.5" H. The rack inside holds 18 swabs at one time. There are nonskid feet on the bottom for placing the dryer on a counter and two key hole attachments on the back, for mounting. A timer comes with the dryer so you are reminded to take the swabs out. The Rack and Carrying Case is used to transport the swabs from the crime scene to your office in a clean container. See
Tech Notes
Aqueous Amido Black is a pre-mixed Amido Black solution. It can be used to
enhance or develop blood-contaminated latent prints. Bloody latent prints, even
those not visible to the naked eye, may be developed on porous or nonporous
surfaces, such as cadavers, wood, or paper. Since this solution is aqueous
(mixed with water), it is a bit safer to use and you do not have to pre-soak the
various objects in Methanol as in the procedure for the mixed solution of the
Amido Black powder above. See
Tech Notes
for more information.
Aqueous Leucocrystal Violet Kit for Blood, one pint
Aqueous Leucocrystal Violet can be used to enhance and develop latent prints stained with blood on porous and nonporous surfaces. It can also be used to stain blood marks of shoeprints, swipes and other contact to track where a suspect or victim walked, was dragged or, somehow, came in contact with the surface.
It will not stain the normal constituents found in latent print residue, so it should only be used in the case of blood contaminated latent prints to be successful. While this solution is an indicator for blood, it may react with other substances not specific to blood. Prior to using Aqueous Leucocrystal Violet, it is recommended to do a presumptive test for blood and to collect a sample of the suspected blood, if visible, for DNA or other blood-type testing. In the kit, there are three bottles. Mix them in a precise order and then apply them to the desired surface. The best method of applying Aqueous Leucocrystal Violet is by submersion or washing the solution over the surface. It is NOT recommended to spray this solution except in the case of carpeting to observe shoeprints or other marks in blood. If you are spraying carpet, the development will begin to occur within 30-60 seconds. Then, blot with paper towels or tissues to remove the excess reagent. Begin by spraying lightly with a fine mist to avoid overdevelopment. Aqueous Leucocrystal Violet can be applied by washing it over a
horizontal surface, such as a floor or table top. After about 30-60 seconds, blot the excess reagent with tissues. The shelf-life of the unmixed product is one year. Once you mix the three chemicals together, the shelf-life is 3 months, if stored in a cool environment. If you are storing it in a hot vehicle, the shelf-life will be considerably less.
Since any crime scene is suspected of having blood around it when this product is used, the greater hazard of the blood dictates its disposal and cleanup. Cleanup any surfaces and blotting tissues in accordance with the regulations for cleaning the biohazard of blood. See
Tech Notes for
more information.
Ninhydrin is one of the best and easiest methods for developing latent prints on paper, such as bad checks, robbery notes, drug pay-and-owe sheets, and threatening letters. Many latent print examiners use Ninhydrin exclusively on paper documents because it is effective and/or they do not have the proper setup and/or Forensic Light Source for using DFO. Mixing Ninhydrin crystals is very economical, as little as 3.8 grams of crystals produce 2 liters of solution, and the shelf life is indefinite. The solution can be swabbed, sprayed, or dipped in solution for maximum saturation. Photograph the developed prints soon after they become visible. Avoid handling the treated document, as new latent prints may develop on the chemically-sensitive paper. Since the solvents are hazardous, this solution must be mixed and used in a fume hood. View our
Also, we are excited to tell you about the new 3M solvent to mix Ninhydrin in. 3M™ Novec™ Engineered Fluid HFE-7100 replaces Freon which has been determined to be a major environmental hazard. The latent prints developed with this new nonflammable, environmentally-safe solvent, have been found to be darker and sharper than when using other solvents. See
Tech Notes for
more information.
Ninhydrin is one the best processes available to develop latent prints on paper evidence, such as bad checks, hold-up notes and threatening letters. To avoid the use of aerosol sprays which may not saturate the paper as well, here is an alternative. This formulation of Ninhydrin will not run most inks. With this bottle, you have the option of unscrewing the lid, pouring the solution into a tray and dipping paper evidence for maximum saturation and superior development of latent prints. This solution is hazardous and must be sprayed in a fume hood and stored inside a flammable liquids cabinet.
See
Tech Notes
for more information.
Small Particle Reagent is used to develop latent print on wet or damp surfaces. It is not necessary to let the surface dry. SPR Spray is pre-mixed in non-aerosol bottles with pump sprayers. There is no mixing of solutions. Spray using straight, horizontal lines, back and forth above the suspected area so a "wash" of liquid flows over the surface. Two colors of SPR Spray are available, black and white. Use the black SPR on light-colored surfaces and the white SPR on the dark-colored surfaces.
A third type of SPR Spray is available for use with a UV lamp. Spray the UV solution on multicolored surfaces and view it under a long wavelength ultraviolet lamp. Photograph the resulting latent prints. It may be possible to lift the latent prints once dried, however, it is necessary to photograph them first.
See
Tech Notes for
more information.
Shelf life: 6 months from purchase. Keep in a cool, dark place.
Pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes applied to porous surfaces can be one of the more challenging items on which to develop latent prints. The first task is removing the tape or adhesive and by that time, the fingerprints are often too damaged to be reliable.
Jon T. Stimac, a friction ridge specialist from the Oregon State Police, has discovered a method to remove adhesive tapes, labels, and postage stamps from various surfaces and still be able to process the adhesive side of the item for latent prints. The product he uses is Un-du®. He has written a paper on his study and findings entitled ""Adhesive Tape Separation with Un-du®,"" which is published in the Fingerprint Society's Fingerprint
World, October 2000, Vol. 26, No. 102, pp. 153-154..
Un-du® instantly removes adhesive from stickers, tapes, labels and decals without damaging the underlying latent prints. Simply apply the Un-du® to the adhesive side of the tape or label and gently lift upward. The adhesive solution will be temporarily neutralized, allowing you to remove the tape without damaging the surface or the latent prints that exist on the tape. After allowing the Un-du® to evaporate, the tape will regain its adhesive properties.
To test it's removal properties, we firmly applied a piece of duct tape to a tissue. To our amazement, we could easily and cleanly remove the duct tape from the tissue. In fact, after the duct tape was completely removed and the Un-du® was allowed to dry, we couldn't tell that the duct tape had been applied to the tissue at all!
We did not test the tape for latent prints, but in Mr. Stimac's article, he discusses the various surfaces used and tests he did. One involved self-adhesive postage stamps on 200 envelopes over a period of three months. All of the stamps were removed using Un-Du® and then treated with Crystal Violet. About 25% of the stamps yielded latent prints. The stamps had been put on the envelopes in a normal manner of handling and were not purposefully prepared by sticking a finger on them. This test was to see if, in normal handling and over a period of time, prints could be developed from the backs of postage stamps. It appears that the test was successful.
Another thing that Mr. Stimac discovered is, while the Un-Du® product worked well on adhesive-to-plain backgrounds, such as tape on paper, it did not work well on adhesive-to-adhesive. So, it will not help you if you have a wadded up length of tape.
We discussed with the manufacturer about potential damage to surfaces. They assured us that Un-Du® is safe to use on all surfaces except suede and leather. We tried it on various surfaces around our office and it did not damage anything; however, we suggest you use caution when working with this product. Also, the MSDS does suggest working with the product in a fume hood. The smell is a little strong and we concur with that recommendation. See
Tech Notes for
more information.
Sudan Black is one of the best processes for developing latent prints on smooth or rough, nonporous surfaces contaminated with greasy or sticky substances. It works best on glass, metal or plastic materials and can be used on waxy surfaces, such as candles or wax-paper milk cartons. Sudan Black stains the fatty components of sebaceous secretions from the skin. Try this process on the inside of those latex gloves left behind at the scene of a burglary. Sudan Black is easy-to-use, inexpensive and nontoxic.
See
Tech Notes
for more information.
Shelf-life of Sudan Black powder: indefinite. The working solution also has an indefinite shelf-life.
This new product for developing latent prints on the adhesive side of tape has
the advantages of being more economical and far clearer than the other available
processes, such as Crystal Violet. Sticky-side powder is simply made into a
paste using equal amounts of water and Photo-Flo. It is applied to the adhesive
side of tape with a camelhair brush and allowed to set for 10-15 seconds. It may
be left on longer or rinsed off sooner. It may be reapplied, if desired.
See
Tech Notes
for more information.
SPR dry powder can be mixed whenever you are ready to use it. Simply mix in water (the only thing not included in this kit) and add the Kodak Photo-Flo 200 according to directions. Then, shake the spray bottle, spray the solution on the surface, rinse the surface with a spray of water from the extra spray bottle included, and inspect for latent prints. You can photograph the wet latent prints or wait until they dry. After photographing the prints, you may attempt to lift the dry latent prints. Each container of powder (30 grams) mixes with one liter of water. Shelf life of dry powder: indefinite. Keep in a cool, dark place. Shelf life of mixed solution: Best if used within 2 months. Reports have indicated that the solution will still work after that, however, the results may not be as good. Keep the mixed solution in a cool, dark place.
See
Tech Notes
for more information.
Contents:
5-30 grams jars MoS2
2-spray bottles
1-Photo Flo-200, 2 oz.
5-pairs of vinyl gloves
1-funnel
1-technical note
1-Gritzª waterless hand cleaner, 16 oz.
1-1/2 gallon bottle (for mixing stock solution and/or for dipping)
This new product for developing latent prints on the adhesive side of tape has the advantages of being more economical and far clearer than the other available processes, such as Crystal Violet. Sticky-side powder is simply made into a paste using equal amounts of water and Photo-Flo. It is applied to the adhesive side of tape with a camelhair brush and allowed to set for 10-15 seconds. It may be left on longer or rinsed off sooner. It may be reapplied, if desired.
This kit contains the items needed to mix and apply Sticky-side powder. One 50 gram bottle of Sticky-side powder, camelhair brush, mixing jar, mixing spoon, 473 ml (one pint) of Photo-Flo, dropper-bottle, and instructions are included.
Shelf life of powder: indefinite. Keep in a cool, dry place. Shelf life of mixed solution: approximately 6 months. Keep in a dark container in a cool place between uses. See
Tech Notes for
more information.
Iodine fuming is a method of developing latent prints on paper, cardboard, and many other paper surfaces. Iodine fuming should be used before Ninhydrin or Physical Developer (or other silver nitrate-type solution). Because it reacts to a different residue, it will not interfere with their subsequent application. This kit comes complete with carrying case, Iodine fuming apparatus, Drierite® crystals, glass wool, and Iodine crystals. Replacement items are available.
Shelf-life of Iodine crystals: by keeping the jar tightly sealed, the Iodine will last for months. Once the jar is opened, the material will begin to sublimate (change from a solid into a gas without going through a liquid stage) immediately, so work quickly. This product is very corrosive and will rust many types of metals. Do not store it in a drawer with metal handles or fixtures.
See
Tech Notes for
more information.
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